The emails that broke Anthropic and the Pentagon apart

For months, the fight between Anthropic and the Pentagon looked like a row over access to Claude. Court documents released this week suggest it was about something bigger: who decides how the US military uses frontier AI.

The emails came out on Tuesday, in one of the lawsuits Anthropic has filed against the Department of Defense. The Wall Street Journal first reported them. They trace a tense exchange between two men. One is Anthropic chief executive Dario Amodei. The other is Emil Michael, the undersecretary of defence for research and engineering.

The redline

Amodei’s position stayed consistent. He wanted guardrails on how the Pentagon could use Anthropic’s models. Two uses were off the table: fully autonomous weapons and domestic surveillance. Those are the same limits he set out when he questioned the military use of his models.

The Pentagon wanted something broader. It asked for the models to...

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