SMTP Status Data Is a Decision System, Not Just an Error Log
SMTP Status Codes Need Context, Not Guesswork
SMTP replies such as 250, 451, and 550 are often treated as simple success-or-failure labels. In real delivery systems, they are more useful as inputs to a decision process: should a message be retried, stopped, investigated, or classified for support and analytics?
The Open SMTP Error Dataset is a machine-readable reference for interpreting SMTP delivery outcomes consistently. It contains 92 English-language SMTP enhanced-status records and is available in JSON Lines, CSV, and Parquet formats.
Each record connects a status code with a practical category, outcome class, diagnostics, and suggested operational handling. The goal is to make SMTP status information useful both to people debugging an issue and to systems processing bounces at scale.
Code first, text second
The most reliable way to classify a bounce is by its enhanced status code.
- 250 2.1.5 — successful recipient delivery outcome.
- 451 4.4.1 — temporary delivery...
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