Why the AI Industry Still Pays a "Python Tax"

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Disclaimer: This article reflects my own opinions. I have a vested interest in the topic: I maintain the open-source Swift/MLX language-models project and wrote a book in which all of the code is in Swift. Please read this article with that conflict of interest in mind. To help balance that perspective, every numerical claim is backed by a primary source, and Section 8 is devoted to the strongest counterarguments.

“Python is not designed to be fast, and it is not designed to be safe.” — Jeremy Howard, co-founder of fast.ai [37]

This article is about the strangest trade-off in modern engineering: the industry that computes faster than anything in human history conducts those computations in one of the slowest languages in the history of programming. And about what happens once we stop treating that as a law of nature.


1. Introduction: the oddity everyone got used to

Let us begin...

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