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When One Docker Swarm Replica Became Unreachable Over an Overlay Network: A Production Case With Traefik

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Context

The incident occurred in the production backend infrastructure of a mobile application. External HTTP traffic was handled by Traefik, deployed on Docker Swarm manager nodes. Traefik ran in swarmMode, used providers.docker, was configured to use the mgp_default network, and had lbswarm disabled so that routing used the required overlay network rather than the Swarm VIP.

One of the critical services was mgp_router-app. It was an entry-point service with two replicas deployed to preserve availability if one of them failed.

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The service used placement constraints, max replicas per node = 1, and a Traefik health check configured for /actuator/health on port 8080. This meant we relied on external health checking and strictly controlled replica placement across nodes.

Swarm-level load balancingwas intentionally disabled. We needed routing control at the Traefik layer, along with the ability to quickly remove unhealthy backends based on their health...

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