NASA says a billion-dollar bill for a recycled Moon rover is simply too high

• Recycled Mars rover hardware may still cost NASA more than expected
• PROMISE faces mounting questions over unexpectedly high development and integration costs
• Existing rover hardware cannot eliminate costly engineering and certification requirements

NASA's long-term lunar exploration program includes robotic missions requiring specialized vehicles capable of carrying scientific instruments across the Moon.

One proposed mission involves sending the Polar Rover for Observation, Mapping, and In-Situ Exploration (PROMISE), a robotic Moon rover, to conduct scientific investigations on the lunar surface.

According to NASA, the proposal to build the rover from recycled Mars rover engineering hardware could become too expensive after estimates reached between $723 million and $1.33 billion.

Reusing existing rover hardware does not eliminate major mission costs

Instead of building the Moon rover from scratch, NASA plans to combine engineering models from the Curiosity and Perseverance rover programs.

Although the concept relies on existing hardware, NASA says the expected costs remain...

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