Kenya bet its graduates on gig work in 2022. ChatGPT launched that year

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In 2022 Kenya adopted a ten-year national plan to move its graduates into online outsourcing work. OpenAI released ChatGPT the same year.

Adam Satariano and Paul Mozur set out what happened next, reporting from Nairobi for the New York Times with Edwin Okoth. At its peak early this decade, researchers estimated at least 40,000 people in Nairobi were paid to do other people’s homework. The industry has since shrunk to almost nothing.

The work was writing essays for cheating students overseas. It was also, in its way, a Kenyan success story. The government had built policy around the wider category it belonged to.

What the work paid

Teresios Bundi was the first in his family to go to university. He moved to Nairobi from a farming village in 2011, and a friend suggested a new kind of online job.

His first assignment earned $7 for three hours. It was a...

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