India’s DPDP Act and the GenAI paradox in the context of sovereignty
By Rajesh Dangi
In the ancient Indian philosophical tradition, the concept of dharma speaks to a universal order, a set of duties and laws that transcend individual kingdoms. Today, we face a modern dharma: the governance of data in an age where it flows as freely as water and is as potent as fire. The notification of India’s Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules, 2025, in November of that year marked a pivotal moment in this quest. It is India’s bold assertion of digital sovereignty, an attempt to build a citadel of privacy for its 1.4 billion citizens. Yet, this citadel is being constructed in the path of a digital tsunami, Generative AI, whose very nature defies geographical borders. This is the central paradox of our time: how can a law rooted in physical jurisdiction regulate technologies that exist everywhere and nowhere at once?
The Citadel Takes Shape
The notification...
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