A (Very) Short Introduction to Oil Futures
What are oil futures?
Oil futures contracts are legal agreements that require holders to buy or sell crude oil at fixed prices on designated dates in the future. The price of oil is locked in at the start of the contract, which makes oil futures useful for hedging price volatility and speculating on movements in global energy markets.
Oil futures are traded on public, centralized, and heavily regulated exchanges such as NYMEX (New York Mercantile Exchange) for WTI futures and ICE (Intercontinental Exchange) for Brent Crude futures. The exchange matches counterparties and “clears” every trade. This is the opposite of spot and forward markets where oil trades are negotiated privately between counterparties over the counter (OTC) without a central intermediary.
As the clearinghouse, the exchange is the official counterparty to everyone and bears counterparty risk on behalf of market participants. It acts as the buyer to every seller and the...
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